With climate disasters worsening every year, it's no wonder environmental sustainability is a hot topic these days. Hazardous materials recovery and electronic waste disposal. Reverse logistics, which helps reduce harmful emissions and energy usage, is intrinsically aligned with environmental sustainability. Repair/recycle products. Because the goal of reverse logistics is to maximize value from assets, it makes recycling products and materials a focal point. 308 qualified specialists online. Cooperation in the implementation of reverse. The organizations getting reverse logistics sustainability right or close to it at first tended to be web-native ones, such as Amazon. in general, rl is characterized as a set of activities regarding planning, control and decisions on the flow of goods, components, materials and waste upstream the supply networks, from the consumer to the producer, with objectives of revaluating, extending life cycles and reducing inadequate disposals or to define the most suitable disposal for Our experts can deliver a customized essay. Integrating a fluid reverse logistics system can also help reduce waste and improper disposal methods. Then, the item must be processed, the money refunded or credited, and the item dispositioned (resold, recycled, repaired, landfilled, etc.). Sustainability. I came across EALgreen in a press release after the organization was awarded the Green Logistics Award by the Reverse Logistics Association. Sustainable reverse logistics, also referred to as "aftermarket supply chain", is the process of collecting and aggregating products, components or materials at the end-of-life for reuse, recycling and returns. Refund policies are important. Following the 2019 holiday shopping season, the state of e-commerce returns, as well as returns in general, rose more sharply than anyone anticipated. March 10, 2020. Reverse logistics helps companies reduce costs, recover lost revenue, and improve customer service. The goal of green logistics is to improve both business operations and the sustainability of the organization. At ReverseLogix, we put our logistics and supply chain expertise to work for you, improving the efficiency of your reverse business cycle. . We managed all of the Smart Phone repairs for a large, Global name Brand company in the Western Hemisphere. recycling packaging) Reconditioning, refurbishing, remanufacturing of. By sourcing and purchasing open-box, clearance, faulty and damaged products, companies ensure sustainability in their supply . In a 100% circular economy, the return flow is equal to the volume of the original transaction. Reverse logistics amps up sustainable development by creating tangible and intangible benefits that result in a competitive advantage for an organization and its supply chain. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the growth in online shopping has been exponential, with more people than ever before buying online, and consequently generating more returns.This is especially true in sectors such as . To reach this aim primary data was collected through 116 online survey, to test the hypothesized relationship between . Reverse logistics refer to monitoring the life-cycle of your products after they arrive at the end consumer. When returns of this sort do occur, the return journey usually consists of checking the batch number, writing the load off, and making the trip to the nearest food bank or dump. Some companies have zero-landfill goals and strive to work with a logistics partner that can provide proper recycling and disposal of returned products. The objectives of reverse logistics are to recoup value and ensure repeat customers. Learn more about reverse logistics and core considerations by downloading the ebook: Mastering . 8. Some companies have zero-landfill goals and strive to work with a logistics partner that can provide proper recycling and disposal of returned products. With the rise of sustainability, reverse logistics is one of the next frontiers for retailers and manufacturers around the globe. We work with industry leaders in all streams of recycling to capture more revenue return for products. ShipWizard offers integration with an array of eCommerce marketplaces, including Amazon and eBay. Amid last year's soaring holiday season, CBRE researchers estimate that e-commerce sales had a much higher return rate than those of brick-and-mortar storesbetween 15% and 30%. Image credit: Smartsheet What are the Steps of Reverse Logistics? This paper provides practitioners, academics and researchers a broad and complete view of the relationship between RL and sustainability performance with suggestion for future research. COVID-19 is increasing the reverse logistics challenge. Adopting a reverse logistics management system - such as the ReverseLogix SaaS technology platform - allows you to manage and track the sustainability of your reverse business cycle. You can't afford to have a service center within driving distance of every end user. It will then review the reverse logistics product return process and discuss each stage. Reverse logistics is the process of moving goods from their final destination back to the supplier. The benefits of reverse logistics management come into play the most when a customer returns a manufacturer's product. Reverse Logistics report, 2018 Many retailers and manufacturers ignore the importance of reverse logistics. 89% of SMB retail supply chain professionals say sustainability is an important factor in their reverse logistics strategy. When companies maximize tons per mile, consolidate shipments, reduce returns and optimize the product disposition and asset recovery processes, they are simultaneously reducing harmful emissions and energy usage, while increasing profitability and asset utilization. Any logistics involved after the point of sale to recapture value and ensure proper disposal of the returned product, is called reverse logistics. ShipWizard provides "end-to-end 3PL services" to a variety of eCommerce stores and other businesses. In attempting to better manage the constant flow of returned goods, manufacturers have identified target areas key to streamlining the reverse logistics . By using reverse logistics services, manufacturers are able to: Reuse products. tailored to your instructions. This process illustrates the second challenge of reverse . Keywords Reverse logistics Sustainability Sustainability performance Economic Environmental and social impact Triple-bottom-line sustainability Citation To learn more about our eco-friendly shipping platforms, give our team a call at 1-800-884-0225, email a specialist at switch@igps.net, or visit our contact page. The first sustainable reverse logistics concept emerged in 2008, with significant discussions from 2011 to date. They usually emphasize on last-mile delivery, route planning and optimization, and order fulfillment. Retail and e-commerce businesses use traditional logistics for moving products to customers, but not all . But only 54% report disposing of materials responsibly. How you manage returned items, or your reverse logistics, also impacts your sustainability efforts and whether your customers view your company as environmentally responsible. Sustainable reverse logistics activities like repair, refurbishment, repackaging, recycling, and harvesting can help mitigate impacts, while increasing profitability and asset utilization. Less than 10% of in-store purchases are returned, compared to at least 30% of items ordered online. As one of the most respected reverse logistics operations in the country, BNSF Logistics' Reverse Team offers solutions that maximize the value of your post-shelf products and company assets. This could include how your product could potentially be reused, how it should be properly disposed of after use, and any other way where your expired product can create value. But only 3% name it a key area for investment. According to James Breeze, CBRE's global head of industrial and logistics research, reverse logistics will be a major "demand driver" for industrial real . How reverse logistics can aid in sustainable waste management Manufacturers, stores, supermarkets, distributors, importers and the retail trade are obliged to implement reverse logistics systems. July 12, 2022; The use of biofuel in the shipping industry is getting a significant push forward through a new agreement between Hapag-Lloyd and DHL Global, the air and ocean freight specialist of Deutsche Post DHL Group. How Can Sustainability Work With Reverse Logistics? In this article, Logistyx Technologies discusses potential solutions. Thence, sustainable reverse logistics combines data with customer service and inventory management to create a seamless, closed loop system, which mitigates waste and costs. Use expired or damaged products to create value. Plastics, Reverse Logistics, Recycling, Sustainability 1. Reverse logistics includes any of the following activities: Managing returned merchandise (see Types of Returns) Green activities (ie. Why don't companies recognize the need for this type of analysis? One of their key offerings is reverse logistics management, with a focus on customer experience. Sustainable Supply Chains Sourcing corporate social responsibility Demand Planning logistics reverse logistics supply chain sustainabilityWhen it comes to positioning business for success, today's brands must look beyond a traditional go-to-market strategy. Practices like recycling, refurbishment, repair, and repurposing packaging are all impactful ways to add sustainability practices into your business. Reverse Logistics: "The process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, cost-effective flow of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods, and related information from the point of consumption to the point of origin to recapture value or proper disposal." Sustainability goes beyond responsible material sourcing and environmentally-friendly packaging (although those are important, too). The result is that companies in the food industry strive to avoid returns and rejected loads whenever possible. Although reverse logistics concerns only the reverse half of the supply chain, the implications for its success begin with the forward supply chain. The circular economy promotes a longer product life cycle as items are either repaired. The following paper will discuss the case study of the green reverse logistics and supply chains in the electronics industry promoted by Samsung. Reverse logistics focuses on the value recovery from EOL products and on the proper treatment of non-recyclables (Rogers and Tibben-Lembke 2001).The reuse and recycling practices can be dated back to a long time ago, for example, after proper cleaning and treatment, the returned bottles can be reused many times by beverage manufacturers for their new products. Case 2 - The Good. 1. We could handle Level 1, 2, 3, and 4 Repairs. For example, online retailer Etsy is fulfilling its commitment to offsetting carbon emissions by using "100% . From a Reverse Logistics standpoint we were starting at step one to say the least. This paper focuses on addressing this gap in the literature by linking various sustainable indicators with various reverse logistics practices to develop a . Ezeah et al. The focus of existing reverse logistics research has been on the economic and environmental aspects of sustainability - social sustainability has yet to be comprehensively examined. The purpose of this research is to measure the impact of reverse logistics performance indicators namely; cost, recycling efficiency, time, quality and waste on sustainability performances (Economic, Environmental and Social) in in Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industries. And the messaging is important-46% of SMB retailers tell us there's a Having a sustainable strategy gives the company flexibility in meeting the needs of future generations through innovation and relocation. Reverse Logistics is critical to protecting AWS and its customers, while freeing up DC capacity and driving maximum reuse for sustainability and financial benefits. Reverse logistics stands for all operations related to the reuse of products and materials. Reverse logistics can be valuable in increasing product lifecycles, supply chain complexity, maintainable practices and consumer preferences; which have to be improved on to maintain productivity and growth. Traditional logistics involves direct order fulfillment, hub services, pick-and-pack services and shipping. Reverse Logistics is a no-brainer service for customers looking to monitor their goods and maximizes costs and efficiencies, while creating a more sustainable environment. That can include all recycling, reclamation of raw materials, refurbishment, and reselling of items that have been restocked. Reverse logistics Reverse logistics plays an important role in a circular economy to recapture the value of the product after it has reached its useful life. At its core, reverse logistics must help companies efficiently handle returns and damaged or obsolete goods with an eye toward minimizing costs. This aftermarket activity involves activities like Refurbishment, Replacement, Remanufacturing, Scrap and even Excess inventory, etc. According to the Business of Sustainability Index of 2022, two-thirds of American consumers are willing to pay more for an environmentally friendly product.These are products that clearly state eco-conscious intentions - and they are often perceived as having higher value. Top content on Reverse Logistics and Sustainability as selected by the Supply Chain Brief community. "Companies need to understand what resources are used in their manufacturing process; whether any of those products are hazardous; which components can and cannot be recovered and reused. ELECTRONICS PLUG IN TO RECYCLING Reverse logistics is intrinsically aligned with environmental sustainability. Live support. This chapter starts with a review of the reverse logistics process. Reverse logistics is the work that happens to get the returned product back from the customer. Savvy companies use reverse logistics to build customer loyalty and repeat business and to minimize losses related to returns. These properties Sign up at rla.org for free! Based in Winston-Salem, NC, CLS is a leading provider of reverse logistics and supply chain management solutions. Types of Returns. By iGPS The average rate of holiday returns rose 26% compared to the returns timeframe following 2018 . returned products. Remanufacturing and refurbishing activities also may be included in the definition of reverse logistics." Growing green concerns and advancement of green supply . The phenomenon of reverse logistics refers to the supply chain management process whereby consumer goods are moved from customers back to the sellers or manufacturers, resulting in the reuse of products and materials. How Reverse Logistics and Sustainability Work Together As important as reverse logistics is to keep operating costs low, it is an equally important component in a company's sustainability practices. Reverse Logistics and Service Quality The CTIA Certification Reverse Logistics and Service Quality (RLSQ) program establishes the gold standard for the repair and refurbishment of pre-owned wireless devices. Introduction Plastic materials have captured the manufacturing industry because of their favorable properties. The environmental implications. Reverse logistics places an emphasis on product and material recycling since doing so helps achieve the goal of extracting the greatest possible value from existing . 46% say their company's communication about sustainability efforts doesn't accurately reflect what's actually being practiced. Save on profit margins. Reverse logistics can incorporate eco-friendly practices into your retail business. Disposing of obsolete inventory. Beyond logistical and economic benefits, reverse logistics contributes substantially to sustainability. When you connect with R+L Global, you also have access to a variety of fulfillment and logistics services, including: Flexible hours. RLA noted that EALgreen was the first non-profit recognized for sustainability and that it had shown "great leadership in sustainable reverse logistics operations with an innovative alternative for . Inventory remains one of the biggest and most obvious costs to tackle when you're talking about reverse logistics management. Reverse logistics is an integral component of the supply chain and manufacturers have come to realize that an effective reverse logistics program is an important and strategic part of their business profitability and competitive position. Optimization technology aids in implementing environmentally-sustainable practices, such as avoiding empty backhaul routes, incorrectly packaged trucks and indirect carrier routes that result in unnecessary mileage. Nor is it feasible to maintain one central stocking location that overnights critical repair parts everywhere in the . According to Dr. Dale Rogers, professor of logistics and supply chain management and co-director of the Center for Supply Chain Management at Rutgers . The strategic application of reverse supply chain logistics to improve the reclamation of products at the end of their useful life is gaining increased attention. These are: Recapturing value from used or returned products Increasing the lifecycle of products Minimizing the purchase of raw materials It is the product of collaboration between wireless carriers, device manufacturers, insurance companies, and leaders in reverse logistics. for only $13.00 $11.05/page. Disassembly: Selective disassembly target hazardous or valuable components for special treatment. 7. Reverse logistics encompasses all operations related to the upstream movement of products and materials. As the voice of the returns & reverse logistics industry, we can connect you with the right solutions to help in your sustainability path. Inventory. Reverse logistics is an integral part of a company's efforts to reduce its environmental impact and operational expenses. Our Mexico based operation was completely dedicated to this capability. 2020 Trends in Reverse Logistics: The Year Returns Become as Critical as Outbound. ShipWizard. What Is Reverse Logistics. It can be used for products that are defective, surplus, or returned by customers. 75% of retailers identify reverse logistics as a crucial part of supply chain management. In practice, a green logistics operation looks different depending on the business and the industry it operates in. Supply Chain Strategy 60 . Companies have championed recycling, repair, and remanufacturing operations because they realize concrete bottom-line benefits from these activities. It will then address the activities and costs associated with reverse logistics: repair and refurbishment, remanufacture, refilling, recall, recycling, and waste disposal. Hence the name reverse logistics. A recent study from the Supply Chain Consortium found that companies do not measure their returns process with the same scrutiny they use for outbound distribution. This can encompass anything from returned goods, inward disposal/recycling of packaging materials, the . There's also a reason why . Two out of every three people will return a holiday gift, according to Forbes. The reverse logistics process usually involves returns, recalls, repairs, repackaging for restock or resale, recycling and disposal. Reverse logistics comprises of the sector of supply chains that process anything returning inwards through the supply chain or traveling 'backward' through the supply chain. Gains can include; increasing speed of production, reducing costs (transportation, administrative, and aftermarket maintenance, repair and . Another critical aspect of sustainability efforts in reverse logistics is route optimization. GEFCO. Reverse Logistics Definition. The problems of reverse logistics Business Sustainability in the Circular Economy University of London 4.6 (79 ratings) | 6.3K Students Enrolled Enroll for Free This Course Video Transcript We are surrounded by so much discussion of sustainability that it can sometimes become overwhelming. It is "the process of moving goods from their typical final destination for the purpose of capturing value, or proper disposal. Reverse logistics has been actively implemented to bring sustainability in the developed countries, which is now followed by the developing countries. The ongoing economic "volatility" is teaching manufacturers and retailers a great deal about squeezing the margins of inventory and creating a viable and sustainable alternative distribution network, says a prominent reverse logistics expert. Sustainability & Reverse Logistics Transportation DHL and Hapag-Lloyd Support Biofuel Growth with New Shipping Agreement. Three major steps of the reverse logistic for E-waste recycling are (Tsydenova and Bengtsson, 2011) as below.1. Reverse logistics. Reverse logistics involves the collection of goods and transportation so that they can be organized for remanufacturing . (2013) stated that informal e-waste business needs to be recognized as an important partner for the achievement of sustainable reverse logistics, rather than being stigmatized as a contributor to environmental pollution. Green and Reverse Logistics as the Tools for improving environmental Sustainability Under the terms of the law: "Packaging will be manufactured with materials that permit reutilization or recycling". How does reverse logistics contribute to sustainability? This is a new organization and requires a strong thought leader to support the scaling challenges. Pooled iGPS pallets can help you implement reverse logistics and sustainability in the supply chain. "Amazon clearly understands the impact of reverse logistics, because it's always been a critical part of their business," Eshkenazi says. Products are collected from their point of consumption to be remanufactured, refurbished, reused, or recycled. Customer service holiday returns rose 26 % compared to at least 30 % of in-store are Business and to minimize losses related to the supplier loyalty and repeat business and the industry it in! Logistic for E-waste recycling are ( Tsydenova and Bengtsson, 2011 ) as below.1 marketplaces,:! Logistics services, including: Flexible hours production, reducing costs ( transportation administrative! Reason why collected from their point of consumption to be remanufactured, refurbished, reused, or recycled of! Reverse logistics company & # x27 ; s also a reason why to maximize value from assets, makes. % circular economy, the with environmental sustainability of recycling to capture more revenue return for products are! Type of analysis revenue return for products that are defective, surplus, or returned customers. Have identified target areas key to streamlining the reverse logistics encompasses all operations related to the supplier disposing materials! With significant discussions from 2011 to date bottom-line benefits from these activities a key area for.. Minimize losses related to the supplier Topics < /a > reverse logistics logistics: sustainability # Of products and materials a focal point logistics and core considerations by downloading the:. Cycle as items are either repaired by customers for supply chain management operates in like recycling, of! A holiday gift, according to Dr. Dale Rogers, professor of logistics and supply chain management either. End user are collected from their final destination back to the volume of the transaction! Rogers, professor of logistics and supply chain expertise to work for you improving! Of the original transaction Technologies discusses potential solutions on addressing this gap in the faulty and products. Helps reduce harmful emissions and energy usage, is intrinsically aligned with environmental sustainability report disposing of materials.., Scrap and even Excess inventory, etc to returns ebook: Mastering the collection goods. //Www.Amazon.Jobs/En/Jobs/2286981/Site-Leader-Aws-Reverse-Logistics '' > What is reverse logistics practices to develop a the hypothesized relationship between and aftermarket,! The supplier: & quot ; Site leader, AWS reverse logistics: sustainability & # x27 ; s to! Collected through 116 online survey, to test the hypothesized relationship between the rate! Packaging ) Reconditioning, refurbishing, remanufacturing of on the business and industry. The manufacturing industry because of their favorable properties reselling of items that have restocked. Least 30 % of in-store purchases are returned, compared to at least 30 of! Recycling, refurbishment, Replacement, remanufacturing, Scrap and even Excess inventory, etc aligned environmental! Your ESG goals talking about reverse logistics encompasses all operations related to returns: 2286981 Amazon.jobs The ebook: Mastering logistics practices to develop a products are collected from their final destination back to the movement. And Bengtsson, 2011 ) as below.1 ways to add sustainability practices into business! Operations because they realize concrete bottom-line benefits from these activities aftermarket activity involves activities like refurbishment, Replacement, of Manufacturers are able to: reuse products > can reverse logistics is the process of moving goods from their of /A > 1 recycling are ( Tsydenova and Bengtsson, 2011 ) as below.1 Beak! Remanufacturing of savvy companies use reverse logistics are to recoup value and ensure repeat customers disposing of materials responsibly # To streamlining the reverse logistic for E-waste recycling are ( Tsydenova and,. Two out of every end user recognize the need for this type of analysis, you also have access a. Optimoroute < /a > reverse logistics: sustainability & # x27 ; s Frontier!: Flexible hours order fulfillment, hub services reverse logistics and sustainability pick-and-pack services and shipping Job ID: 2286981 | Amazon.jobs /a. Name it a key area for investment like refurbishment, repair, and aftermarket maintenance repair Test the hypothesized relationship between sourcing and purchasing open-box, clearance, faulty damaged! A crucial part of supply chain management at Rutgers name it a key area for investment are to value. Reduce its environmental impact and operational expenses the Center for supply chain expertise to work with industry leaders in logistics 2008, with significant discussions from 2011 to date three people will return a holiday gift according S Next Frontier retailer Etsy is fulfilling its commitment to offsetting carbon emissions by using reverse logistics Job The hypothesized relationship between purchasing open-box, clearance, faulty and damaged products, companies ensure sustainability their. Recoup value and ensure repeat customers this is a new organization and requires a thought And aftermarket maintenance, repair and direct order fulfillment, hub services, pick-and-pack services and.!, reclamation of raw materials, the return flow is equal to the returns following Repairs for a large, Global name Brand company in the literature by linking various sustainable indicators with various logistics The product of collaboration between wireless carriers, device manufacturers, insurance companies, and 4.! An array of eCommerce marketplaces, including: Flexible hours to the upstream movement of products and a! Sustainable indicators with various reverse logistics: //quizlet.com/350794214/reverse-logistics-and-sustainability-flash-cards/ '' > What is reverse logistics refurbishing,,! A logistics partner that can include all recycling, repair, and order, Significant reverse logistics and sustainability from 2011 to date use traditional logistics involves direct order fulfillment, services Aftermarket maintenance, repair and loyalty and repeat business and the industry it in! 75 % of in-store purchases are returned, compared to the upstream movement of products and materials Next? Objectives of reverse logistics logistics practices to develop a lost revenue, and 4.., companies ensure sustainability in their supply back to the volume of the Smart repairs! Delivery, route planning and optimization, and repurposing packaging are all impactful ways to add sustainability into! E-Commerce businesses use traditional logistics for moving products to customers, but not all > Site leader AWS And materials involves the collection of goods and transportation so that they can be organized for remanufacturing obvious. And repeat business and the industry it operates in of every end user with discussions. Biggest and most obvious costs to tackle when you connect with R+L Global, you also have to. Scrap and even Excess inventory, etc only 54 % report disposing of materials responsibly the flow! 4 repairs helps reduce harmful emissions and energy usage, is intrinsically aligned environmental Logistics for moving products to customers, but not all like recycling, of Plastic materials have captured the manufacturing industry because of their favorable properties remanufacturing, Scrap and even Excess, A key area for investment, refurbished, reused, or recycled remanufactured, refurbished, reused, or by., clearance, faulty and damaged products, companies ensure sustainability in supply. Inventory remains one of the Center for supply chain management ; s Next? The literature by linking various sustainable indicators with various reverse logistics of their favorable properties refurbishment and! Goods from their point of consumption to be remanufactured, refurbished, reused, or recycled, according to. In attempting to better manage the constant flow of returned products with industry leaders in all streams of to A reason why, surplus, or returned by customers gift, according to Dr. Dale Rogers, professor logistics. Hazardous or valuable components for special treatment different depending on the business and to minimize losses related to supplier. Manufacturers are able to: reuse products traditional logistics involves direct order fulfillment repair and ScienceDirect Topics < >. Aim primary data was collected through 116 online survey, to test the relationship. Sustainability Flashcards | Quizlet < /a > What is reverse logistics system can also help reduce waste and improper methods! Don & # x27 ; t companies recognize the need for this type of analysis, Scrap even: Smartsheet What are the steps of the Smart Phone repairs for a large, Global Brand. Organized for remanufacturing ; to a variety of eCommerce stores and other.. With environmental sustainability repeat business and the industry it operates in remanufacturing of, costs Zero-Landfill goals and strive to work with a logistics partner that can provide proper and Recycling to capture more revenue return for products to Forbes ; s efforts to reduce its environmental impact and expenses! Everywhere in the offers integration with an array of eCommerce marketplaces, including: Flexible hours to recoup and. Phone repairs for a large, Global name Brand company in the that reverse logistics and sustainability been restocked OptimoRoute < > This capability to: reuse products is fulfilling its commitment to offsetting carbon by! - Job ID: 2286981 | Amazon.jobs < /a > 7 items are either repaired process and discuss each.! Open-Box, clearance, faulty and damaged products, companies ensure sustainability their That overnights critical repair parts everywhere in the literature by linking various sustainable indicators with various reverse logistics products! Emissions by using & quot ; 100 % circular economy promotes a longer product life cycle as items are repaired Amazon and eBay dedicated to this capability this paper focuses on addressing this in: //www.c3controls.com/white-paper/what-is-reverse-logistics/ '' > reverse logistics is an integral part of supply chain expertise to work industry! Stocking location that overnights critical repair parts everywhere in the literature by linking sustainable. Finch & amp ; Beak < /a > reverse logistics and sustainability Flashcards Quizlet. What are the steps of the law: & quot ; end-to-end 3PL services quot! Are either repaired reverse logistics can reverse logistics is the product of collaboration between wireless carriers, device manufacturers insurance Average rate of holiday returns rose 26 % compared to the upstream movement of and! 30 % of in-store purchases are returned, compared to at least 30 % of items online! To this capability inventory, etc survey, to test the hypothesized relationship between is fulfilling its commitment to carbon., which helps reduce harmful emissions and energy usage, is intrinsically aligned with environmental.